Sheet Plate And Coil

Grade 303 represents the optimum in machinability among the austenitic stainless steels. It is primarily used when production involves extensive machining in automatic screw machines. Alloy 303 is a non-magnetic, austenitic, free-machining stainless steel that is a modification of the basic 10% chromium -8% nickel stainless steel specially designed to exhibit improved machinability while maintaining good mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties. Stainless steel is a family of iron-based alloys that contain a minimum of approximately 11% chromium, a composition that prevents the iron from rusting as well as providing heat resistant properties. Different types of stainless steel include the elements C (from 0.03% to greater than 1.00%), N, Al, Si, S, Ti, Ni, Cu, Se, Nb, and Mo). Stainless steel are often designated by a three digit number.

The sulphur addition which is responsible for the improved machining and galling characteristics of Grade 303 lowers its corrosion resistance to below that of Grade 304. As for other austenitic grades the structure gives 303 excellent toughness, although the sulphur in 303 reduces its toughness slightly. Grade 303Se has a selenium rather than sulphur addition, improving the hot and cold forming characteristics over those of 303 and providing a smoother machined surface finish. The machinability rate is also slightly reduced.

Alloy 303 is an austenitic stainless steel developed for applications requiring extensive machining operations. The alloy has a sulfur addition which assists in breaking up turnings while reducing drag on the cutting tool when compared to the machining characteristics of the conventional 18-8 stainless steel.

The alloy is nonmagnetic in the annealed condition , but may become slightly magnetic as a result of cold working. The addition of sulfur negatively impacts the corrosion resistance of 303 making it less resistant than 304 to mildly corrosive environments.

Specification
Alloy 303 (UNS S30300) | X8CrNiS18-9 | SUS 303 | 1.4305

Standards
ASTM A 895

Corrosion Resistance
Alloy 303 is resistant to mildly corrosive environments. However, the alloy’s corrosion resistance is inferior to 304 in most applications. Its corrosion resistance is superior to 416, another free-machining grade, but is somewhat inferior to other 400 series stainless steels which do not contain higher sulfur levels. In order to obtain optimal corrosion resistance, it is recommended that Alloy 303 be chemically treated to remove sulfides from the final surfaces

Heat Treatment

Annealing – Heat to a minimum temperature of 1900°F (1038°C) and water quench or rapid cool by other means.

Hardening – Alloy 303 cannot be hardened by thermal treatment, it can only be hardened by cold working.

Cold Forming
The cold formability of Alloy 303 is adversely impacted by the high sulfur content. The alloy may be bent with a generous bend radius, however, when cold forming is required, 304 should be utilized.

Hot Forming
The high sulfur content of Alloy 303 also has a detrimental impact on hot workability. If hot forming is required, once again, 304 should be considered as an alternate selection.

Machining
Alloy 303 was developed specifically for ease of machining. The sulfur addition assists in breaking up turnings which reduces drag on the cutting tool. It produces small brittle chips and may be machined at high speeds with deep cuts and heavy feeds.

Applications
Nuts and Bolts, Bushings, Shafts, Aircraft Fittings, Electrical Switchgear,Components, Gears

Stainless Steel 303 Stockist
Stainless Steel 303 Exporter
Stainless Steel 303 Dealer
Stainless Steel 303 Trader
Stainless Steel 303 Manufacturer
Stainless Steel 303 Supplier

Alloy 2304 (UNS S32304) is a 23% chromium, 4% nickel, molybdenum-free duplex stainless steel. The Alloy 2304 has corrosion resistance properties similar to 316L. Furthermore, its mechanical properties, i.e., yield strength, are twice those of 304L/316L austenitic grades. Alloy 2304 is a 23% chromium, 4% nickel, molybdenum-free duplex stainless steel. The Alloy 2304 has corrosion resistance properties similar to 316L. Furthermore, its mechanical properties, i.e., yield strength, are twice those of 304/316 austenitic grades. This allows the designer to save weight, particularly for properly designed pressure vessel applications. The alloy is particularly suitable for applications covering the -50°C/+300°C (-58°F/572°F) temperature range. Lower temperatures may also be considered but need some restrictions, particularly for welded structures. With its duplex microstructure and low nickel and high chromium contents, the alloy has improved stress corrosion resistance properties compared to 304 and 316 austenitic grades.

Specification
Alloy 2304 (UNS S32304)

Standards
ASTM/ASME A240 - UNS S32304
EURONORM 1.4362 - X2 Cr Ni 23.4
AFNOR Z3 CN 23.04 Az
DIN W. Nr 1.4362 

Processing

Hot Forming
Hot forming must be performed in the 1150/900°C (2100/1650°F) temperature range. After forming, a new solution annealing treatment is recommended in the 950°/1050°C (2100°/1650°F) temperature range to fully restore corrosion resistance properties and mechanical properties. Parts formed with 2304 must be supported carefully during heating to avoid creep deformation.

Cold Forming
Alloy 2304 may be cold formed without any problem. The same equipment as used for the cold forming of 304L and 316L grades can be used. Due to its higher mechanical properties, including the yield strength, higher stresses are required for cold forming. A final solution annealing heat treatment is also recommended after cold forming in order to restore the mechanical and corrosion resistance properties, as described in hot forming.

Descaling
Use the same solutions and pastes as for Alloys 304L/316L. The pickling time will be higher than for austenitic grades due to the corrosion resistance properties of the alloy. 

Machinability
Alloy 2304 duplex exhibits improved machinability properties particularly when considering drilling. Its behavior is equivalent to that of 316LEZ. Furthermore, 2304 has better corrosion resistance and cleanliness properties as no sulphur additions are necessary. Localized corrosion resistance behavior is improved. 

Applications
Generally where 304 and 316L are used
Pulp and paper industry (chip storage tanks, white and black liquor tanks, digestors)
Caustic solutions, organic acids (SCC resistance)
Food industry
Pressure vessels (weight savings)
Mining (abrasion/corrosion)

Alloy 600 (UNS N06600) is a nickel-chromium alloy designed for use from cryogenic to elevated temperatures in the range of 2000°F (1093°C). Alloy 600 is non-magnetic and readily weldable. The alloy is used in a variety of corrosion resisting applications. The high nickel content of Alloy 600 provides a level of resistance to reducing environments, while the chromium content of the material provides resistance to weaker oxidizing environments. The high nickel content of the material provides exceptional resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking. A Versatile Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy Possessing a Unique Combination of High Temperature Resistance up to 2000°F (1093°C) and Excellent Corrosion Resistance. Alloy 600 (UNS N06600) is a versatile nickel-chromium-iron alloy that be utilized in temperatures ranging from cryogenic up to 2000°F (1093°C) and for corrosion resistant service. The high nickel content assures the alloy will be virtually immune to chloride-ion stress corrosion cracking while also providing corrosion resistance to many organic and inorganic compounds. The chromium content provides resistance to oxidizing environments at high temperatures or in corrosive media, it also resists sulfur compounds. In high temperature service, Alloy 600 resists oxidation and scaling up to 2000°F (1093°C). It is well suited for applications requiring carburization resistance or in sulfur containing environments at moderate temperatures. However, it is subject to sulfidation at high temperatures.

Alloy 600 is non-magnetic and cannot be hardened by heat treatment, only by cold working. It can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.

Specification
Alloy 600 (UNS N06600)
W. Nr. 2.48161

Standards
ASTM B 168
ASME SB 168
AMS 5540 

Corrosion Resistance
Alloy 600 resists corrosion in a variety of environments. Because of the high chromium content of the alloy, it is superior to Nickel 200/201 under oxidizing conditions and its high nickel content enables it to perform well in reducing environments. The presence of nickel also provides excellent resistance to alkaline solutions Alloy 600 has moderate resistance to strongly oxidizing acids. However, oxidation occurring in dissolved air alone is not sufficient to insure complete passivity and freedom from attack by air-saturated mineral acids and certain concentrated organic acids.

Heat Resistance
Alloy 600 is used extensively in the thermal processing industry where resistance to oxidation and furnace atmospheres is required. The alloy is also utilized in nitriding applications because of its resistance to nitrogen at high temperatures.

Alloy 600 can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices. The alloy cannot be hardened by heat treatment, only by cold working. 

Applications
Aerospace Components

Chemical Processing – chlorination equipment, fatty acids, hydrogen fluoride, magnesium chloride, vinyl chloride monomer, sodium sulfide, titanium dioxide

Food Processing

Petrochemical Processing – catalyst regenerators

Power Generation – nuclear components

Pulp and Paper – abiotic acid equipment

Thermal Processing – baskets and trays, boxes, muffles and retorts, nitriding containers, roller hearths, vacuum furnace components.

Alloy 625 is an austenitic nickel-chromium-molybdenum-niobium alloy possessing a rare combination of outstanding corrosion resistance coupled with high strength from cryogenic temperatures to 1800°F (982°C). An Austenitic Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Niobium Alloy with Outstanding Corrosion Resistance and High Strength from Cryogenic Temperatures to 1800°F (982°C)

The strength of Alloy 625 is derived from the solid-solution hardening of the nickel-chromium matrix by the presence of molybdenum and niobium. Therefore, precipitation-hardening treatments are not required.

The chemical composition of Alloy 625 is also responsible for its outstanding corrosion resistance in a variety of severe operating environments along with resistance to oxidation and carburization in high temperature service. The alloy is resistant to pitting, crevice corrosion, and impingement corrosion, inter-granular attack and is almost immune to chloride stress corrosion cracking. Alloy 625 can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.

Specification
Alloy 625 (UNS N06625)
W. Nr. 2.48161

Standards
ASTM B 443
ASME SB 443
AMS 5599

Corrosion Resistance
The highly alloyed chemical composition of Alloy 625 imparts outstanding corrosion resistance in a variety of severely corrosive environments. The alloy is virtually immune to attack in mild conditions such as the atmosphere, fresh and sea water, neutral salts and alkaline solutions. Nickel and chromium provide resistance to oxidizing solutions and the combination of nickel and molybdenum supply resistance in non-oxidizing environments. Molybdenum also makes Alloy 625 resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion, while niobium acts as a stabilizer during welding to prevent intergranular cracking. The high nickel content of Alloy 625 makes it virtually immune to chloride stress corrosion cracking.

The alloy resists attack by mineral acids such as hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric and sulfuric, and to alkalis and organic acids in both oxidizing and reducing conditions.

Alloy 625 can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices, however because the high strength of the alloy, it resists deformation at hot-working temperatures.

Hot Forming
The hot-working temperature range for Alloy 625 is 1650 – 2150°F (900 – 1177°C). Heavy working needs to occur as close to 2150°F (1177°C) as possible, while lighter working can take place down to 1700°F (927°C). Hot-working should occur in uniform reductions to prevent duplex grain structure.

Applications
Aerospace Components – bellows and expansion joints, ducting systems, jet engine exhaust systems, engine thrust-reversers, turbine shroud rings

Air Pollution Control – chimney liners, dampers, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) components

Chemical Processing – equipment handling both oxidizing and reducing acids, super-phosphoric acid production

Marine Service – steam line bellows, Navy ship exhaust systems, submarine auxiliary propulsion systems

Nuclear Industry – reactor core and control rod components, waste reprocessing equipment

Offshore Oil and Gas Production – waste flare gas stacks, piping systems, riser sheathing, sour gas piping and tubing

Petroleum Refining – waste flare gas stacks

Waste Treatment – waste incineration components

Alloy 2205 (UNS S32305/S31803) is a 22% chromium, 3% molybdenum, 5-6% nickel, nitrogen alloyed duplex stainless steel plate with high general, localized, and stress corrosion resistance properties in addition to high strength and excellent impact toughness. Alloy 2205 duplex stainless steel plate provides pitting and crevice corrosion resistance superior to 316L or 317L austenitic stainless steels in almost all corrosive media. It also has high corrosion and erosion fatigue properties as well as lower thermal expansion and higher thermal conductivity than austenitic. Alloy 2205 duplex stainless steel plate is a 22% Chromium, 3% Molybdenum, 5-6% Nickel nitrogen alloyed duplex stainless steel plate with high general, localized and stress corrosion resistance properties in addition to high strength and excellent impact toughness. Alloy 2205 duplex stainless steel plate provides pitting and crevice corrosion resistance superior to 316L or 317L austenitic stainless steels in almost all corrosive media. It also has high corrosion and erosion fatigue properties as well as lower thermal expansion and higher thermal conductivity than austenitic. The yield strength is about twice that of austenitic stainless steels. This allows a designer to save weight and makes the alloy more cost competitive when compared to 316L or 317L. Alloy 2205 duplex stainless steel plate is particularly suitable for applications covering the -50F/+600F temperature range. Temperatures outside this range may be considered but need some restrictions, particularly for welded structures.

Specification
Alloy 2205 (UNS S32205/S31803)
A 22Cr-3Mo Stainless Steel

Standards
ASTM/ASME A240 UNS S32205/S31803
EURONORM 1.4462 X2CrNiMoN 22.5.3
AFNOR Z3 Cr Ni 22.05 AZ
DIN W. Nr 1.4462 

Corrosion Resistance
Because of its high chromium (22), molybdenum (3), and nitrogen (0.18) contents, the corrosion resistance properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel plate are superior to that of 316L or 317L in most environments. The chromium, molybdenum, and nitrogen in 2205 duplex stainless steel plate also provide excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion even in very oxidizing and acidic solutions.

Stress Corrosion Resistance
The duplex microstructure is known to improve the stress corrosion cracking resistance of stainless steels. Chloride stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels can occur when the necessary conditions of temperature, tensile stress, oxygen, and chlorides are present. Since these conditions are not easily controlled, stress corrosion cracking has often been a barrier to utilizing 304L, 316L, or 317L.

Corrosion Fatigue Resistance
Alloy 2205 duplex stainless steel plate combines high strength and high corrosion resistance to produce high corrosion fatigue strength. Applications in which processing equipment is subject to both an aggressively corrosive environment and to cycle loading can benefit from the properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel plate.

Chloride Pitting Resistance
The pitting resistance of an austenitic stainless steel can be related directly to alloy composition, where chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen are a weight 

Applications
Pressure vessels, tanks, piping, and heat exchangers in the chemical processing industry
Piping, tubing, and heat exchangers for the handling of gas and oil
Effluent scrubbing systems
Pulp and paper industry digesters, bleaching equipment, and stock-handling systems
Rotors, fans, shafts, and press rolls requiring combined strength and corrosion resistance
Cargo tanks for ships and trucks
Food processing equipment

Stainless steel grade 304LN  is a nitrogen-strengthened version of stainless steel grade 304. Stainless steel grade 304 is the most commonly used stainless steel.

Stainless steel is a family of iron-based alloys that contain a minimum of approximately 11chromium, a composition that prevents the iron from rusting as well as providing heat resistant properties. Different types of stainless steel include the elements C from 0.03 to greater than 1.00, N, Al, Si, S, Ti, Ni, Cu, Se, Nb, and Mo). Specific types of stainless steel are often designated by a three digit number. Resistance to corrosion and staining, low maintenance, and familiar luster make stainless steel an ideal material for many applications where both the strength of steel and corrosion resistance is required. Moreover, stainless steel can be rolled into sheets, plates, bars, wire and tubing. These can be used in cookware, cutlery, surgical instruments, major appliances, construction material in large buildings, industrial equipment e.g., in paper mills, chemical plants, water treatment, and storage tanks and tankers for chemicals and food products. The corrosion resistance, the ease with which the material can be steam-cleaned and sterilized, and absence of the need for surface coatings have prompted the use of stainless steel in kitchens and food processing plants.

Standards:
SS 304LN
JIS SUS 304LN
UNS 30453
WNR 1.4311
DIN X2CrN-iN18-10

Features
Very good corrosion resistance,
weld ability and cold deformability.
Good deep drawing properties and very good high gloss polish ability.

Applications
Heat exchangers
Chemical industry
Food industry
Petroleum industry
Fabrication industry
 Nuclear industry

SS 304LN Plates Stockist
SUS 304LN Plates Stockist
S30453 Plates Stockist
1.4311 Plates Stockist
X2CrN-iN18-10 Plates Stockist
SS 304LN Plates Trader
SUS 304LN Plates Trader
S30453 Plates Trader
1.4311 Plates Trader
X2CrN-iN18-10 Plates Trader
SS 304LN Plates Dealer
SUS 304LN Plates Dealer
S30453 Plates Dealer
1.4311 Plates Dealer
X2CrN-iN18-10 Plates Dealer
SS 304LN Plates Manufacturer
SUS 304LN Plates Manufacturer
S30453 Plates Manufacturer
1.4311 Plates Manufacturer
X2CrN-iN18-10 Plates Manufacturer
SS 304LN Plates Exporter
SUS 304LN Plates Exporter
S30453 Plates Exporter
1.4311 Plates Exporter
X2CrN-iN18-10 Plates Exporter
SS 304LN Plates Supplier
SUS 304LN Plates Supplier
S30453 Plates Supplier
1.4311 Plates Supplier
X2CrN-iN18-10 Plates Supplier

Alloy 316H (UNS S31609) is a high carbon modification of Alloy 316 developed for use in elevated temperature service. The alloy has higher strength at elevated temperatures and is used for structural and pressure vessel applications at temperatures above 932°F (500°C). The higher carbon content of 316H also delivers higher tensile and yield strength than 316/316L and its austenitic structure provides excellent toughness down to cryogenic temperatures. The corrosion resistance of Alloy 316H is comparable to Alloy316/316L and is superior to Alloy 304/304L in moderately corrosive environments. It is often used in process streams containing chlorides or halides. The alloy resists atmospheric corrosion, as well as, moderately oxidizing and reducing environments. It also resists corrosion in polluted marine conditions. Alloy 316H is non-magnetic in the annealed condition. It cannot be hardened by heat treatment; however the material will harden due to cold working. It can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.

Standards
ASTM........A 240
ASME........SA 240

Corrosion Resistance

In most instances the corrosion resistance of Alloy 316H will be comparable to Alloy 316/316 L and will have superior corrosion resistance to Alloy 304/304L. Process environments that do not attack Alloy 304/304L will not attack this grade. One exception, however, is in highly oxidizing acids such as nitric acid where stainless steels containing molybdenum are less resistant. Alloy 316H performs well in sulfur containing service such as that encountered in the pulp and paper industry. The alloy can be used in high concentrations at temperatures up to 120°F (38°C). Alloy 316H also has good resistance to pitting in phosphoric and acetic acids. It performs well in boiling 20% phosphoric acid. The alloy can also be used in food and pharmaceutical process industries where it is utilized to handle hot organic and fatty acids where product contamination is a concern. Alloy 316H performs well in fresh water service even with high levels of chlorides. The alloy has excellent resistance to corrosion in marine environments under atmospheric conditions. The higher molybdenum content of Alloy 316H assures it will have superior pitting resistance to Alloy 304/304L in applications involving chloride solutions particularly in oxidizing environments.

Applications

Chemical and Petrochemical Processing – pressure vessels, tanks, heat exchangers, piping systems, flanges, fittings, valves, and pumps
Food and Beverage Processing
Marine
Medical
Petroleum Refining
Pharmaceutical Processing
Power Generation — nuclear
Pulp and Paper
Textiles
Water Treatment

Alloy 2507 (UNS S32750) is a super duplex stainless steel with 25% chromium, 4% molybdenum, and 7% nickel designed for demanding applications which require exceptional strength and corrosion resistance, such as chemical process, petrochemical, and seawater equipment. The steel has excellent resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking, high thermal conductivity, and a low coefficient of thermal expansion. The high chromium, molybdenum, and nitrogen levels provide excellent resistance to pitting, crevice, and general corrosion. Alloy 2507 is a super duplex stainless steel with 25% chromium, 4% molybdenum, and 7% nickel designed for demanding applications which require exceptional strength and corrosion resistance, such as chemical process, petrochemical, and seawater equipment. The steel has excellent resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking, high thermal conductivity and a low coefficient of thermal expansion. The high chromium, molybdenum, and nitrogen levels provide excellent resistance to pitting, crevice, and general corrosion. The impact strength is also high. Alloy 2507 is not recommended for applications which require long exposures to temperatures above 570°F because of the risk of a reduction in toughness. 

Standards
ASTM/ASME A240 - UNS S32750
EURONORM 1.4410 - X2 Cr Ni MoN 25.7.4
AFNOR Z3 CN 25.06 Az

Corrosion Resistance
General Corrosion
The high chromium and molybdenum content of 2507 makes it extremely resistant to uniform corrosion by organic acids like formic and acetic acid. 2507 also provides excellent resistance to inorganic acids, especially those containing chlorides. In dilute sulfuric acid contaminated with chloride ions, 2507 has better corrosion resistance than 904L, which is a highly alloyed austenitic steel grade specially designed to resist pure sulfuric acid. Stainless steel of type 316L (2.5%Mo) cannot be used in hydrochloric acid due to the risk of localized and uniform corrosion. However, 2507 can be used in dilute hydrochloric acid. Pitting need not be a risk in the zone below the borderline in this figure, but crevices must be avoided.

Stress Corrosion Cracking
The duplex structure of 2507 provides excellent resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Because of its higher alloy content, 2507 is superior to 2205 in corrosion resistance and strength. 2507 is especially useful in offshore oil and gas applications and in wells with either naturally high brine levels or where brine has been injected to enhance recovery.

Pitting Corrosion
Different testing methods can be used to establish the pitting resistance of steels in chloride-containing solutions. The data above were measured by an electrochemical technique based on ASTM G 61. The critical pitting temperatures (CPT) of several high-performance steels in a 1M sodium chloride solution were determined. The results illustrate the excellent resistance of 2507 to pitting corrosion. The normal data spread for each grade is indicated by the dark gray portion of the bar.

Applications

Oil and gas industry equipment
Offshore platforms, heat exchangers, process and service water systems, fire-fighting systems, injection and ballast water systems
Chemical process industries, heat exchangers, vessels, and piping
Desalination plants, high pressure RO-plant and seawater piping
Mechanical and structural components, high strength, corrosion-resistant parts
Power industry FGD systems, utility and industrial scrubber systems, absorber towers, ducting, and piping

LDX 2101 (UNS S32101) is a 21.5% chromium, 5% manganese, 1.5% nickel, 0.45% molybdenum lean duplex stainless steel with corrosion resistance superior to 304L and comparable to 316L. LDX 2101 possesses both superior strength and greater chloride stress-corrosion cracking resistance than conventional 300 series stainless steels. The enhanced mechanical strength of LDX 2101 enables it to be used in thinner cross-sections which can provide significant cost savings to the end user. LDX 2101 was designed to be a low nickel general purpose substitute for 304 and 304L. LDX 2101 is a low-nickel; nitrogen enhanced lean duplex stainless steel developed for general-purpose use. The austenitic-ferritic (duplex) structure of the alloy is balanced to approximately equal amounts of ferrite and austenite in the solution-annealed condition. The high chromium and nitrogen content of LDX 2101, combined with an addition of molybdenum, provide very good resistance to localized and uniform corrosion. The duplex microstructure contributes to the alloys high strength and resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. LDX 2101 possesses both superior strength and greater chloride stress-corrosion cracking resistance than conventional 300 series stainless steels. The corrosion resistance of LDX 2101 is generally good making it suitable for use in a wide variety of applications. In most environments, it is superior to 304L stainless steel and comparable to the molybdenum containing 316L stainless steel.

The enhanced mechanical strength of LDX 2101 is far superior to conventional 300 series stainless steels enabling it to be used in thinner cross-sections which can provide significant cost savings to the end user. LDX 2101 exhibits good abrasion and erosion resistance and can be fabricated using standard shop practices developed for duplex stainless steels.

Specification
Alloy LDX 2101® (UNS S32101)
EN 1.4162

Corrosion Properties
The 300 series stainless steels are used extensively in numerous process industries due to their overall general corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance of LDX 2101 is generally better than 304L and comparable to 316L making it suitable for use in a wide variety of industries and applications.

Chloride Pitting Resistance
The pitting resistance of an austenitic stainless steel can be related directly to alloy composition, where chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen are a weight %. The Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN) uses the following formula to measure an alloy's relative pitting resistance - the higher the number, the better the pitting resistance.

Stress-Corrosion Cracking Resistance
Chloride stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) is one of the most serious forms of localized corrosion. Higher temperatures and reduced pH will increase the probability of SCC. The onset of SCC is one of the most common reasons for stainless equipment failure. Because of its duplex structure LDX 2101 offers excellent resistance to SCC.

Applications
Air Pollution Control - External absorber and outlet duct reinforcements
Biofuels - Biodiesel and Ethanol plants and tanks
Chemical Process Equipment - Pressure vessels, heat exchangers, tanks, piping systems and tankers
Food and Beverage Process Equipment - Palm oil and wine storage tanks
Infrastructure - Bridges, flood gates, sluice gates
Pulp and Paper - Hydrogen peroxide bleaching reactors, white liquor storage tanks, digesters, washers, paper machine parts
Seawater Treatment - Desalination system chambers and evaporators
Water and Waste water Treatment.

Alloy Steel Is Widely Used For Engineering Steel Purpose, Such As: Making Various Kinds Of Machinery, Automobile, Mining Spare Part, The Gearwheel Of The Engine, The Driving Gear Of Supercharger, The Connecting Rob, The Pinchcock Under The High Pressure, Parts For Power Train Applications, Cold Formed Fastener Components, Shafts, Gears, Drill Collars For The Oil Exploration, Etc.

Applications
Chemical Processing Equipment – In fluorine, hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen fluoride, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, neutral and alkaline salt solutions, caustic alkalis, non-oxidizing halides and dry chlorine service.

Marine Components – shipbuilding, valves, pumps, shafts and in sea and brackish water

Oil and Gas Production – splash-zones for offshore structures and sour gas applications

Ore Processing – uranium refining and separation in the production of nuclear fuels

Petroleum Refining – alkylation units, crude petroleum stills, piping and storage tanks

Power Generation – feed-water heaters and steam generators

Water Treatment – brine heaters and evaporators in seawater desalination plants

50CrV4 Alloy Steel Sheet
50CrV4 Alloy Steel Plate
50CrV4 Alloy Steel Coil
4140 Alloy Steel Plate
4140 Alloy Steel Sheet
4140 Alloy Steel Coil
En19 Alloy Steel Sheet
En19 Alloy Steel Plate
En19 Alloy Steel Coil
4130 Alloy Steel Sheet
4130 Alloy Steel Plate
4130 Alloy Steel Coil
42crmo4 Alloy Steel Sheet
42crmo4 Alloy Steel Plate
42crmo4 Alloy Steel Coil

Stainless steel is the most common steel. The steel contains both chromium (between 18% and 20%) and nickel (between 8% and 10.5%) metals as the main non-iron constituents. It is an austenitic stainless steel. It is less electrically and thermally conductive than carbon steel and is essentially non-magnetic. It has a higher corrosion resistance than regular steel and is widely used because of the ease in which it is formed into various shapes. 304 stainless steel has excellent resistance to a wide range of atmospheric environments and many corrosive media. It is subject to pitting and crevice corrosion in warm chloride environments and to stress corrosion cracking above about 60 °C. It is considered resistant to pitting corrosion in water with up to about 400 mg/L chlorides at ambient temperatures, reducing to about 150 mg/L at 60 °C.
304 stainless steel is also very sensitive at room temperature to the thiosulfate anions released by the oxidation of pyrite (as encountered in acid mine drainage) and can undergo severe pitting corrosion problems when in close contact with pyrite- or sulfide-rich clay materials exposed to oxidation.
304 stainless steel is used for a variety of household and industrial applications such as food handling and processing equipment, screws, machinery parts, and car headers. 304 stainless steel is also used in the architectural field for exterior accents such as water and fire features. It is also a common coil material for vaporizers.
 
The Japanese equivalent grade of this material is SUS304. It is also specified in European norm 1.4301.
Features
Very good corrosion resistance,
weld ability and cold deformability.
Good deep drawing properties and very good high gloss polish ability.
Specifications: 304
UNS: S30400 | X5CrNi18-10 | 1.4301| SUS 304
 
Specifications: 304L
UNS: S30403 | X2CrNi19-11 | 1.4306 | SUS 304L
Typical Applications
Food processing equipment, particularly in beer brewing, milk processing & winemaking
Kitchen benches, sinks, troughs, equipment and appliances
Architectural paneling, railings & trim
Chemical containers, including for transport
Heat Exchangers
Woven or welded screens for mining, quarrying & water filtration
Threaded fasteners
Springs.
Stainless Steel 304 Sheets Plates
Stainless Steel 304L Sheets Plates
SS 304 Sheets Plates
SS 304L Sheets
Stainless Steel UNS S30400 Plates
SS UNS S30403 Sheets Plates
Stainless Steel Din 1.4306 Plates
SS Din 1.4307 Sheets
 
 

Stainless steel 316  nickel silver  which come in thickness: above 4 mm upto 100 mm
size:-8ft x 4ft.

Nickel-Iron-Chromium Alloys Designed to Resist Oxidation and Carburization with Higher Creep and Stress Rupture Properties than Alloy 800 (UNS N08800)

Alloys 800H (UNS N08810) and 800HT (UNS N08811) are dual-certifiable Nickel-Iron-Chromium materials that resist oxidation, carburization and other high temperature corrosion. The chemical composition of the two alloys are identical to Alloy 800 (UNS N08800), with the exception of the higher level of carbon present in both grades— (0.05–0.10%) in alloy 800H, and (0.06–0.10%) in alloy 800HT. Alloy 800HT also has an addition of up 1.0 % aluminum and titanium. In addition to the chemistry restrictions, both alloys receive a high temperature annealing treatment that produces an average grain size of ASTM 5 or coarser. The restricted chemical compositions, combined with the high temperature anneal, assure these materials have greater creep and rupture strength when compared to Alloy 800.

Alloy 800H has good creep-rupture properties at temperatures above 1100°F (600°C). It remains ductile during long term use at temperatures below 1290°F (700°C) due to a maximum titanium and aluminum content of 0.7%. Alloy 800 with a standard anneal is recommended for service below 1100°F (600°C). Alloy 800H resists reducing, oxidizing and nitriding atmospheres, as well as, atmospheres that alternate between reducing and oxidizing. The alloy remains stable in long term high temperature service.

Alloy 800HT has excellent creep strength at temperatures above 1290°F (700°C). If the application involves frequent temperature excursions under 1290°F (700°C) or parts of are permanently exposed to a temperature below 1290°F (700°C), Alloy 800H should be utilized. The high temperature resistance of Alloy 800HT is comparable to Alloy 800H. It also remains stable in long term high temperature service.

Alloys 800H and 800HT are easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.

Specification
Alloy 800H/800HT (UNS N08810, UNS N08811)
W. Nr. 1.4958, 1.4959

Standards
ASTM B 409
ASME SB 409
AMS 5871

Corrosion Resistance
The high nickel and chromium content of Alloys 800H and 800HT generally means they will have very similar aqueous corrosion resistance. The alloys have corrosion resistance that is comparable to 304 when used in nitric and organic acid service. The alloys should not be used in sulfuric acid service. They are subject to chromium carbide precipitation if in service for prolonged exposure in the 1000-1400°F (538-760°C) temperature range. Since Alloys 800H and 800HT were developed primarily for high temperature strength, corrosive environments to which these grades are exposed normally involve high temperature reactions such as oxidation and carburization.

Alloys 800H and 800HT can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices. However, because of the high strength of the alloys, they require higher powered process equipment than standard austenitic stainless steels.

Applications
Chemical and Petrochemical Processing—process equipment for the production of ethylene, ethylene dichloride, acetic anhydride, ketene, nitric acid and oxy-alcohol

Petroleum Refining—steam/hydrocarbon reformers and hydride alkylation units

Power Generation—steam super-heaters and high temperature heat exchangers in gas-cooled nuclear reactors, heat exchangers and piping systems in coal-fired power plants

Thermal Processing Fixtures—radiant tubes, muffles, retorts and fixtures for heat-treating furnaces

Nickel 200 plate offer outstanding corrosion resistance to caustic soda and other alkalis. It performs best in reducing environments but can also be used under oxidizing conditions when a passive oxide film is formed. Ni 200 is used in aerospace, chemical and petrochemical processing, food processing and marine and water treatment applications. Nickel 200 is highly ductile across a wide temperature range and can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices. Nickel 200 (UNS N02200) is dual-certifiable wrought nickel materials. It differ only in the maximum carbon levels present—0.15% for Nickel 200 

Nickel 200 plate is normally limited to service at temperatures below 600ºF (315ºC), since at higher temperatures it can suffer from graphitization which can severely compromise properties.Nickel 200 grades is approved under ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII, Division 1. Nickel 200 plate is approved for service up to 600ºF (315ºC)
Nickel 200 grade offer outstanding corrosion resistance to caustic soda and other alkalis. The alloys perform best in reducing environments but can also be used under oxidizing conditions that produce a passive oxide film.It resist corrosion by distilled, natural water and flowing seawater but are attacked by stagnant seawater.

Nickel 200 is ferromagnetic and exhibit highly ductile mechanical properties across a wide temperature range. Both grades are easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.

Specification
Nickel 200 (UNS N02200)
W. Nr. 2.4066

Standards
ASTM B 162
ASME SB 162

Corrosion Resistance
Nickel 200 plate possess excellent resistance in many corrosive environments including hydrofluoric acid and alkalis. These alloys perform extremely well under reducing conditions but can also be used in oxidizing conditions due to the formation of a passive oxide film. The outstanding resistance of Nickel 200 plates is caustics is based on this type of protection. In conditions where temperatures exceed 600ºF (315ºC), The resistance of Nickel 200 plate in mineral acid applications varies depending on the concentration and temperature, as well as if the solution is aerated. The alloys perform better in non-aerated acid solutions. Nickel 200 plate perform well in acids, alkalis, and neutral salt solutions. However, in oxidizing salt solutions, strong corrosion can take place. Both alloys resist dry gases at room temperatures. 
Applications

Aerospace and Missile Components

Chemical and Petrochemical Processing - chlor-alkali production, caustic soda and other alkalis; sulfuric, hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, phosphoric, and organic acids; neutral and reducing salt solutions; reactive chlorides including phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus trichloride, nitrosyl chloride, benzyl chloride, and benzoyl chloride; fluorine and chlorine; bromine and phenol

Food Processing Equipment - cooling brine, fatty acids, fruit juices

Marine and Water Treatment - distilled, natural water and flowing seawater

Alloy C276 nickel alloy plate (UNS N10276) is a nickel-molybdenum-chromium-iron-tungsten alloy which is among the most corrosion-resistant alloys currently available. The high molybdenum content imparts resistance to localized corrosion such as pitting. The low carbon minimizes carbide precipitation during welding to maintain resistance to intergranular attack in heat affected zones of welding joints.

Alloy C276 nickel alloy plate also has good high temperature strength and moderate oxidation resistance although the alloy will eventually form embrittling high temperature precipitates. A Nickel-Molybdenum-Chromium Alloy with Excellent Corrosion Resistance in both Oxidizing and Reducing Environments

Alloy C276 nickel alloy plate (UNS N10276) is an austenitic nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy with a small addition of tungsten. It is one of the premier corrosion resistant materials available for process industries. Alloy C276 nickel alloy plate has excellent corrosion resistance in both oxidizing and reducing environments. The combination of the high molybdenum and chromium content, along with the addition of tungsten, make Alloy C276 nickel alloy plate highly resistant to chloride stress corrosion cracking, pitting, crevice corrosion and general corrosion. Alloy C276 nickel alloy plate can operate in oxidizing atmospheres up to 1900oF (1038oC), however, the alloy lacks sufficient chromium content to operate successfully in the most strongly oxidizing environments like hot, concentrated nitric acid. The low carbon content of Alloy C276 nickel alloy plate enables the alloy to be utilized in the as-welded condition. It cannot be hardened by heat treatment, but can be hardened by cold working. The alloy has a higher work-hardening rate than the austenitic stainless steels which should be taken into consideration. Alloy C276 nickel alloy plate can be easily welded and processed utilizing standard shop fabrication practices for austenitic stainless steels and nickel based alloys.

Specifications
Alloy C276 (UNS N10276)
W. Nr. 2.4819 

Standards
ASTM B 4575
ASME SB 575

Corrosion Resistance
Alloy C276 nickel alloy plate is one of the premier corrosion resistant materials that performs exceptionally well in both oxidizing and reducing environments. It resists chloride stress corrosion cracking, pitting, crevice and general corrosion. The alloy is also resistant to carbide precipitation during welding enabling it to be utilized in the as-welded condition. In chemical processing applications, the alloy has exceptional resistance to sulfuric, hydrochloric, formic, and acetic and phosphoric acids. Alloy C276 nickel alloy plate performs well in environments containing acid chlorides, solvents and acetic anhydride, the alloy is one of the few grades that with stands wet chlorine gas, hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide solutions. Alloy C276 nickel alloy plate is highly resistant to concentrated solutions of oxidizing salts including iron and copper chloride. It also performs well in seawater, especially under crevice conditions where other frequently used alloys such as stainless steel, Alloy 400 and Alloy 625 fail.

Applications
Air Pollution Control – flue gas desulfurization systems – stack liners, absorbers, ducts, dampers, stack gas re-heaters and fans
Chemical Processing – heat exchangers, pressure vessels, tanks, evaporators, piping, flanges and fittings, pumps and valves
Oil and Gas Production – sour gas service components
Pharmaceutical Production – reactor vessels, piping, flanges and fittings, pumps and valves
Pulp and Paper – bleaching vessels and digesters
Waste Treatment – incinerators for toxic, industrial and municipal waste